. . . . "War ensign" . . . . . . . . . "World War II" . . . . . . . . . . "Wehrmacht" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443"@uk . . . . . . . . . "A Kriegsmarine (pron\u00FAncia em alem\u00E3o: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], Marinha de Guerra) foi a designa\u00E7\u00E3o da Marinha alem\u00E3 entre 1935 e 1945, durante o regime nazi. Veio substituir a Kaiserliche Marine da Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Reichsmarine do per\u00EDodo de entre-guerras. A Kriegsmarine foi um dos tr\u00EAs ramos oficiais da Wehrmacht, as for\u00E7as armadas da Alemanha Nazi. A Kriegsmarine teve um desenvolvimento muito r\u00E1pido durante o rearmamento alem\u00E3o na d\u00E9cada de 1930 (o Tratado de Versalhes tinha imposto limita\u00E7\u00F5es \u00E0 dimens\u00E3o da marinha alem\u00E3). Os navios da Kriegsmarine tinham sido mobilizados para as \u00E1guas em redor da Espanha durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola, oficialmente para refor\u00E7ar a n\u00E3o-interven\u00E7\u00E3o, mas, na realidade, para apoiar o lado franquista da guerra. Em Janeiro de 1939, foi ordenado o Plano Z, cujo objectivo era igualar a for\u00E7a da Marinha Real Brit\u00E2nica em 1944. No entanto, quando a Segunda Guerra Mundial teve in\u00EDcio em Setembro de 1939, o Plano Z foi substitu\u00EDdo pela constru\u00E7\u00E3o de submarinos (U-Boot) e pelo refor\u00E7o das for\u00E7as a\u00E9reas e terrestres. O Comandante-Supremo da Kriegsmarine (tal como de todas as for\u00E7as armadas durante o regime nazi) era Adolf Hitler, que exercia a sua autoridade atrav\u00E9s do Oberkommando der Marine. Os elementos mais famosos da Kriegsmarine eram os U-Boot, muitos dos quais foram constru\u00EDdos ap\u00F3s o Plan Z ter sido abandonado no in\u00EDcio da Segunda Guerra. A t\u00E1ctica de rudeltaktik, em que v\u00E1rios grupos de submarinos atacavam os comboios de navios brit\u00E2nicos, foi muito utilizada na primeira metade da Batalha do Atl\u00E2ntico, mas foi abandonada na segunda metade. Juntamente com os U-Boot, outros navios eram utilizados para atacar os navios Aliados nos primeiros anos da guerra, sendo os mais famosos o Admiral Graf Spee, o Admiral Scheer e o Bismarck. Contudo, a ado\u00E7\u00E3o de comboios de escolta, em especial no Atl\u00E2ntico, reduziu a efic\u00E1cia dos ataques alem\u00E3es aos navios Aliados. Depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a frota restante da Kriegsmarine foi dividida pelas for\u00E7as Aliadas e foi utilizada para v\u00E1rias fun\u00E7\u00F5es, incluindo a limpeza de minas mar\u00EDtimas. A marinha encontrava-se principalmente envolvida nas a\u00E7\u00F5es da invas\u00E3o da Noruega em Abril de 1940 e na Batalha do Atl\u00E2ntico. Entre outras opera\u00E7\u00F5es menores estava o afundamento do HMS Royal Oak, HMS Glorious, Bismarck, HMS Hood, Scharnhorst e . Muitas dos navios de guerra e coura\u00E7ados alem\u00E3es foram mantidos perto da costa e em muitos casos nos portos, devido ao medo da perda dos mesmos em combate, sendo utilizados intensamente para fornecerem fogo de artilharia ao longo da costa do B\u00E1ltico, para prote\u00E7\u00E3o das for\u00E7as terrestres alem\u00E3s que encontravam-se em retirada." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Kriegsmarine \uD06C\uB9AD\uC2A4\uB9C8\uB9AC\uB124[\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259][*])\uC740 1935\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1945\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C \uB098\uCE58 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uD574\uAD70 \uC774\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uC81C\uAD6D\uD574\uAD70\uACFC \uC804\uAC04\uAE30\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uAD6D\uAC00\uD574\uAD70(Reichsmarine)\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4\uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uC721\uAD70 \uC870\uC9C1\uC778 \uB3C5\uC77C \uAD6D\uBC29\uAD70\uC758 \uC9C0\uD718\uB97C \uBC1B\uB294 3\uAC1C \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uBCA0\uB974\uC0AC\uC720 \uC870\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uACC4\uC18D \uD06C\uAE30 \uC81C\uD55C\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uC9C0\uB9CC, 1930\uB144\uB300 \uB3C5\uC77C \uC7AC\uAD70\uBE44 \uC120\uC5B8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uAE09\uC18D\uD558\uAC8C \uC99D\uAC00\uD588\uB2E4. 1939\uB144 1\uC6D4 \uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uB9CE\uC740 \uD574\uAD70 \uD568\uC815 \uAC74\uC124\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70 \uD568\uC120\uC740 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uB0B4\uC804\uACFC \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uC911\uC5D0 \uD574\uC804\uC744 \uBC8C\uC600\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC758 \uCD1D\uC0AC\uB839\uAD00\uC740 \uC544\uB3CC\uD504 \uD788\uD2C0\uB7EC(\uC808\uB300 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC9C0\uB0B8 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2D8)\uB85C, \uB3C5\uC77C \uD574\uAD70 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC0AC\uB839\uBD80(Oberkommando der Marine)\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD8C\uB825\uC744 \uD589\uC0AC\uD588\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC758 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC720\uBA85\uD55C \uD568\uC120\uC740 \uC720\uBCF4\uD2B8\uB85C, Z\uACC4\uD68D\uAC19\uC740 \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uCD08\uC5D0\uB294 \uBC84\uB824\uC84C\uB2E4\uAC00 \uB300\uBD80\uBD84 \uC774\uD6C4 \uAC74\uC870\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uB9AC\uB5BC \uC804\uC220\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC73C\uB85C \uB300\uC11C\uC591 \uC804\uD22C \uAE30\uAC04 \uCC98\uC74C \uBC18 \uB3D9\uC548 \uBE60\uB974\uAC8C \uC7A0\uC218\uD568\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC \uC601\uAD6D \uD568\uC120\uB4E4\uC744 \uACA9\uCE68\uC2DC\uCF30\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC774 \uC804\uC220\uC740 \uC804\uC7C1 \uD6C4\uBC18\uC5D0\uB294 \uD3EC\uAE30\uD588\uB2E4. \uC720\uBCF4\uD2B8\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uBCF4\uC870\uC21C\uC591\uD568\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C \uC218\uC0C1\uD568\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uD1B5\uC0C1\uD30C\uAD34\uC791\uC804\uC740 \uC804\uC7C1 \uCD08\uAE30 \uC5F0\uD569\uAD70 \uD568\uC120\uC744 \uACA9\uCE68\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB370 \uC774\uC6A9\uD588\uC73C\uBA70 \uC8FC\uB85C \uC911\uC21C\uC591\uD568 \uADF8\uB77C\uD504 \uC288\uD398\uC640 \uC544\uB4DC\uBBF8\uB784 \uD788\uD37C, \uC804\uD568 \uBE44\uC2A4\uB9C8\uB974\uD06C\uB97C \uC774\uC6A9\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098, \uD2B9\uD788 \uB300\uC11C\uC591\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uD638\uC704\uD568\uC744 \uC774\uC6A9\uD55C \uD638\uC1A1\uC120\uB2E8 \uC791\uC804\uC740 \uC774 \uD1B5\uC0C1\uD30C\uAD34\uC791\uC804\uC758 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uAC10\uC18C\uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uC774\uD6C4, \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC758 \uB0A8\uC740 \uD568\uC120\uC740 \uC5F0\uD569\uAD6D\uB4E4\uC774 \uBD84\uD560\uD558\uC5EC \uAC00\uC838\uAC14\uC73C\uBA70, \uC8FC\uB85C \uC18C\uD574\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uB294 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC791\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6D77\u8ECD (\u56FD\u9632\u8ECD)" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435" . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine"@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (die Kriegsmarine, rodzaj \u017Ce\u0144ski; niem. t\u0142um. Kriegs \u2013 wojenna i Marine \u2013 marynarka) \u2013 marynarka wojenna III Rzeszy, cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 si\u0142 zbrojnych Niemiec istniej\u0105ca w latach 1935-1945 w ramach Wehrmachtu." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine /\u02C8k\u0280i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0280i\u02D0n\u0259/ (in tedesco: Marina da Guerra) era il nome della Marina militare tedesca durante la seconda guerra mondiale, erede della Kaiserliche Marine. Il trattato di Versailles aveva imposto rigorosi limiti alla marina tedesca e le aveva proibito la progettazione e realizzazione di sommergibili, portaerei, aerei navali e artiglieria costiera pesante; il dislocamento delle nuove navi non poteva superare le 10.000 tonnellate. Ma il 18 giugno del 1935 fu firmato il trattato navale anglo-tedesco che, pur limitando la forza della marina tedesca al 35% di quella inglese, permetteva alla Germania di avere sommergibili e altri tipi di navi che il trattato di Versailles le aveva proibito." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine war die offizielle Bezeichnung der Seestreitkr\u00E4fte der deutschen Wehrmacht, nachdem die Reichsmarine des Deutschen Reiches am 1. Juni 1935 demgem\u00E4\u00DF umbenannt worden war. Gleichzeitig wurde aus der bisherigen Marineleitung das Oberkommando der Marine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "De Kriegsmarine was de Duitse naam voor de Duitse zeemacht van 1935 tot 1945. De marine heette sinds het einde van de Eerste Wereldoorlog Reichsmarine, de opvolger van de in 1898 door Alfred von Tirpitz opgerichte Kaiserliche Marine. Hij bleef opperbevelhebber tot 1918." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "65800"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Kriegsmarine \u2014 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442) \u2014 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043B \u0432 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430. 21 \u043C\u0430\u044F 1935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Reichsmarine \u2014 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430), \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0451\u043D \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Bundesmarine \u2014 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442), \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0424\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Volksmarine \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442)." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "War ensign" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1935"^^ . . . . . . . . . "150"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (\u010Desky v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9 n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo) bylo ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED pojmenov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u011Bmeck\u00E9ho v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9ho n\u00E1mo\u0159nictva v letech 1935\u20131945. Jeho p\u0159edch\u016Fdcem bylo v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9 n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo V\u00FDmarsk\u00E9 republiky (Reichsmarine), ideov\u011B v\u0161ak navazovalo sp\u00ED\u0161e na n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo N\u011Bmeck\u00E9ho c\u00EDsa\u0159stv\u00ED (Kaiserliche Marine). Zpo\u010D\u00E1tku jeho budov\u00E1n\u00ED podl\u00E9halo omezen\u00EDm podle z roku 1935, v roce 1938 v\u0161ak na tato omezen\u00ED p\u0159estal b\u00FDt br\u00E1n z\u0159etel. Kriegsmarine hr\u00E1lo ve druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lce v\u00FDznamnou \u00FAlohu, zejm\u00E9na pokud \u0161lo o omezov\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159epravn\u00EDch kapacit nep\u0159\u00E1telsk\u00FDch lo\u010Fstev. P\u016Fvodn\u011B se pl\u00E1novalo vybudov\u00E1n\u00ED obrovsk\u00E9ho hladinov\u00E9ho lo\u010Fstva, ale na takov\u00FD projekt nebyly prost\u0159edky a N\u011Bmecko nakonec upustilo od budov\u00E1n\u00ED velk\u00FDch hladinov\u00FDch lod\u00ED a jejich nasazov\u00E1n\u00ED v akci a p\u0159eorientovalo se na ponorkovou v\u00E1lku, s n\u00ED\u017E v letech 1941\u20131942 dos\u00E1hlo obrovsk\u00FDch \u00FAsp\u011Bch\u016F. Nakonec v\u0161ak i na tomto poli podlehlo zdrcuj\u00EDc\u00ED materi\u00E1ln\u00ED i technick\u00E9 p\u0159evaze Spojenc\u016F." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Reichsmarine \u2014 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443). \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0443 \u0411\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Bundesmarine \u2014 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442), \u0430 \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0443 \u0424\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Volksmarine \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442). \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0412\u041C\u0421 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443 \u0437 1935 \u043F\u043E 1943 \u0440\u0456\u043A \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0415\u0440\u0456\u0445 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0412\u041C\u0421 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443. \u0417 1943 \u043F\u043E 1945 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u043B \u0414\u0435\u043D\u0456\u0446. \u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456 1945 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0413\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0430-\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u043D \u0424\u0440\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430. \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043C \u0412\u041C\u0421 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0445\u0430, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043E\u0447\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0456-\u043B\u0438\u043F\u043D\u0456 1945 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Category:Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1945"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (KM) (\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD, \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF 1935 - 1945, \u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u0394\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03AD\u03C7\u03C4\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \"\u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A1\u03AC\u03B9\u03C7\" (, \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1921 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1935) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \"\u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\" (, \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0391\u0384 \u03A0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF \u03A0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF). \u0391\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B5 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BB\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03C7\u03C4." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1500000"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (marine de guerre) est le nom allemand de la marine de guerre allemande entre 1935 et 1945, sous le Troisi\u00E8me Reich. Elle \u00E9tait plac\u00E9e sous l'autorit\u00E9 du minist\u00E8re de la D\u00E9fense puis de la Guerre." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (KM)" . "\u041A\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Kriegsmarine \u2014 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442) \u2014 \u043E\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043B \u0432 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430. 21 \u043C\u0430\u044F 1935 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Reichsmarine \u2014 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430), \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0441\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0451\u043D \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Bundesmarine \u2014 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442), \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0424\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0435 (Volksmarine \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442)." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (o \"Marina de Guerra\") fou el nom de la marina alemanya entre 1935 i 1945, durant el r\u00E8gim del Tercer Reich, substituint la Reichsmarine. Els principals vaixells de guerra disponibles de la Kriegsmarine eren els submarins U-Boot, tres cuirassats de butxaca, dos cuirassats (Bismarck i Tirpitz), dos creuers (Scharnhorst i Gneisenau), tres creuers pesants, sis , i diversos tipus de vaixells petits com destructors, torpediners, minadors, dragamines, i . Dos antics cuirassats de la Primera Guerra Mundial eren usats principalment com a vaixells d'entrenament. La construcci\u00F3 d'un portaavions, el Graf Zeppelin, havia de comen\u00E7ar el 1936, per\u00F2 mai va acabar de completar-se. Tot i que estava planejat un major rearmament de la marina de guerra (), i inicialment comen\u00E7at, l'esclat de la guerra el 1939 va suposar que la immensa quantitat de recursos requerits per al projecte fos desviada a altres \u00E0rees. Hitler va fer m\u00E9s cas de l'opini\u00F3 de G\u00F6ring a l'hora de triar si vessar els seus esfor\u00E7os b\u00E8l\u00B7lics en vaixells o en avions. La funci\u00F3 de la Kriegsmarine era simple: enfonsar transports, grans unitats, etc. aliades. Per dur a terme tal tasca, es van utilitzar centenars de submarins U-Boot, molt innovadors per l'\u00E8poca, que van enfonsar milers de Tn de vaixells aliats; i tamb\u00E9 es van utilitzar vaixells corsaris, que camuflaven entre la flota anglesa i la destru\u00EFen des de dintre. Les principals accions en qu\u00E8 la marina es va veure en acci\u00F3, despr\u00E9s dels bombardejos d'Almeria, Val\u00E8ncia i Eivissa el 1937, van ser la invasi\u00F3 de Noruega l'abril de 1940 (on va patir grans p\u00E8rdues), la Batalla de l'Atl\u00E0ntic i la Batalla del Riu de la Plata. Alguns altres enfrontaments menors inclouen els enfonsaments dels seg\u00FCents vaixells: HMS Royal Oak, , Bismarck, HMS Hood, Scharnhorst i Cap Arcona. La majoria de la flota de superf\u00EDcie va ser ancorada, per por de perdre-la en acci\u00F3. A la darreria de 1944 i fins a la fi de la guerra per\u00F2, va tornar a ser activada per donar suport artiller per a les forces de terra que es retiraven al llarg de les costes de la mar B\u00E0ltica i per evacuar refugiats, ferits i soldats cap a les parts occidentals d'Alemanya. Despr\u00E9s de la guerra, els pocs vaixells que quedaven a flota de la Kriegsmarine van ser dividits entre els guanyadors. Alguns (com l'inacabat Grafft Zeppelin) van ser usats com a blancs per a pr\u00E0ctiques d'artilleria mentre que altres (la majoria destructors) van ser posats en servei en les marines de Fran\u00E7a i la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica, ja que els mancaven vaixells de superf\u00EDcie despr\u00E9s de la guerra. El 1956, amb la incorporaci\u00F3 de l'Alemanya Federal a l'OTAN, es va establir una nova marina de guerra coneguda com a Marina Federal (). Amb la reunificaci\u00F3 d'Alemanya el 1990, es va decidir d'anomenar-la Marina Alemanya (Deutsche Marine)." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7D0D\u7CB9\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (pengucapan bahasa Jerman: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], terj. har.\u2009\"War Navy\" \"Angkatan Laut Perang\") adalah angkatan laut Jerman Nazi dari tahun 1935 sampai 1945. Kriegsmarine menggantikan Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jerman dari Kekaisaran Jerman (1871\u20131918) dan Reichsmarine periode antar-perang (1919\u20131935) dari Republik Weimar. Kriegsmarine adalah salah satu dari tiga resmi, bersama dengan Heer (Angkatan Darat) dan Luftwaffe (Angkatan Udara) dari Wehrmacht, angkatan bersenjata Jerman dari 1933 hingga 1945."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A Kriegsmarine (pron\u00FAncia em alem\u00E3o: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], Marinha de Guerra) foi a designa\u00E7\u00E3o da Marinha alem\u00E3 entre 1935 e 1945, durante o regime nazi. Veio substituir a Kaiserliche Marine da Primeira Guerra Mundial e a Reichsmarine do per\u00EDodo de entre-guerras. A Kriegsmarine foi um dos tr\u00EAs ramos oficiais da Wehrmacht, as for\u00E7as armadas da Alemanha Nazi. O Comandante-Supremo da Kriegsmarine (tal como de todas as for\u00E7as armadas durante o regime nazi) era Adolf Hitler, que exercia a sua autoridade atrav\u00E9s do Oberkommando der Marine." . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "981289077"^^ . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (\u00ABMarina de guerra\u00BB en alem\u00E1n) fue la armada del III Reich entre 1935 y 1945, sucesora de la Marina Imperial Alemana que combati\u00F3 en la Primera Guerra Mundial y de la Reichsmarine de la Rep\u00FAblica de Weimar. Era una de las tres ramas de la Wehrmacht, las fuerzas armadas unificadas de la Alemania nazi. Estaba compuesta por submarinos, fragatas, acorazados, acorazados de bolsillo, cruceros y destructores." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Military of Germany" . . . . . . . "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF08\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Kriegsmarine(\u30AF\u30EA\u30FC\u30AF\u30B9\u30DE\u30EA\u30FC\u30CD)\uFF09\u306F\u30011935\u5E74\u304B\u30891945\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u30CA\u30C1\u30B9\u30FB\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u304C\u6709\u3057\u305F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u56FD\u9632\u8ECD(Wehrmacht)\u306E\u6D77\u8ECD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002" . . . . . . . . . . . "Wehrmacht" . . . . . "\u7D0D\u7CB9\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AKriegsmarine\uFF0C\u610F\u70BA\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF09\u662F\u63071935\u5E74\u81F31946\u5E74\u671F\u95F4\u7684\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u3002\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u7684\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u5E1D\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u548C\u9B4F\u739B\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF0C\u70BA\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u570B\u9632\u8ECD\u4E2D\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u529B\u91CF\u3002\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\u8D77\u6E90\u65BC\u4E00\u6230\u5F8C\u300A\u51E1\u723E\u8CFD\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u7684\u56B4\u683C\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u660E\u6587\u898F\u5B9A\u5176\u5678\u4F4D\u7E3D\u6578\u548C\u7981\u6B62\u6F5B\u8247\u7684\u7814\u88FD\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5A01\u746A\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u4EBA\u54E1\u6697\u4E2D\u63A8\u52D5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u8207\u5916\u570B\u4F01\u696D\u5408\u4F5C\u7814\u7A76\u6D77\u8ECD\u79D1\u6280\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\u963F\u9053\u592B\u00B7\u5E0C\u7279\u52D2\u4E0A\u53F0\u5EE2\u9664\u300A\u51E1\u723E\u8CFD\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u548C\u7C3D\u8A02\u300A\u82F1\u5FB7\u6D77\u8ECD\u5354\u5B9A\u300B\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u958B\u59CB\u5927\u91CF\u5EFA\u9020\u65B0\u5F0F\u8239\u8266\u3002\u5728\u91CD\u5EFA\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u88E1\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u66FE\u7814\u88FD\u4E00\u500B\u7279\u6B8A\u7684\u8266\u7A2E\uFF1A\u88DD\u7532\u8266\u548C\u57F7\u884C\u5927\u578B\u9020\u8266\u8A08\u756B\uFF1AZ\u8A08\u756B\u3002\u539F\u672C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u9810\u8A081945\u5E74\u70BA\u958B\u6230\u6642\u9593\uFF0C\u8A08\u756B\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E00\u652F\u80FD\u8207\u982D\u865F\u5047\u60F3\u6575\uFF1A\u82F1\u570B\u7687\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\u5339\u6575\u7684\u6C34\u9762\u8266\u968A\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u5EFA\u9020\u822A\u7A7A\u6BCD\u8266\u3002\u7136\u800C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u57281939\u5E74\u7206\u767C\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u65B9\u9762\u90FD\u5C1A\u672A\u6E96\u5099\uFF0C\u4FBF\u4EE5\u4E00\u652F\u6709\u9650\u529B\u91CF\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u53BB\u653B\u64CA\u904B\u8F09\u82F1\u570B\u570B\u5167\u9700\u6C42\u7269\u8CC7\u7684\u5546\u8239\uFF0C\u4E26\u6D88\u6EC5\u56E0\u5206\u6563\u8B77\u822A\u800C\u8F03\u5F31\u7684\u82F1\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u8266\u968A\u3002" . . "\u0646\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062E \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064A\u060C \u062D\u062F\u062A \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u0645\u0646 \u062D\u062C\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0645 \u062D\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062A. \u062A\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064A\u063A\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (1936-1939) \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0633\u062A\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u062E\u0644\u060C \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062F\u0639\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648 \u0636\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060C \u062A\u0645 \u062A\u0642\u0633\u064A\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0628\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064A\u063A\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0628\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063A\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0645."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (\"krigsmarinen\") var ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 den tyska marinen \u00E5ren 1935-1945, en av Wehrmachts tre f\u00F6rsvarsgrenar."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "100"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "810,000 peak in 1944" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (\u00ABMarina de guerra\u00BB en alem\u00E1n) fue la armada del III Reich entre 1935 y 1945, sucesora de la Marina Imperial Alemana que combati\u00F3 en la Primera Guerra Mundial y de la Reichsmarine de la Rep\u00FAblica de Weimar. Era una de las tres ramas de la Wehrmacht, las fuerzas armadas unificadas de la Alemania nazi. Estaba compuesta por submarinos, fragatas, acorazados, acorazados de bolsillo, cruceros y destructores. La Kriegsmarine creci\u00F3 r\u00E1pidamente durante el rearme alem\u00E1n en los a\u00F1os 1930. En enero de 1939 se orden\u00F3 el Plan Z que preve\u00EDa la construcci\u00F3n de numerosos barcos. Los nav\u00EDos de la Kriegsmarine participaron activamente en la Guerra Civil Espa\u00F1ola y, sobre todo, en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Su comandante en jefe fue Adolf Hitler, que ejerci\u00F3 su autoridad a trav\u00E9s del Oberkommando der Marine, el Alto Mando de la Marina. Las unidades m\u00E1s numerosas, famosas y efectivas de la Kriegsmarine fueron los submarinos U-boot, que se construyeron en masa para sustituir a muchas de las unidades canceladas del Plan Z y que atacaron en grupo los convoyes mercantes Aliados durante la Batalla del Atl\u00E1ntico. Junto a estos sumergibles se emplearon como corsarios buques pesados de superficie en la primera mitad del conflicto para interrumpir las rutas de suministros del enemigo. Sin embargo, la creaci\u00F3n de fuertes escoltas de convoyes redujo su efectividad, y muchos de los barcos fueron envidados a dar soporte artillero en el Mar B\u00E1ltico a las tropas alemanas que combat\u00EDan contra los sovi\u00E9ticos. Al finalizar la contienda las unidades de la Kriegsmarine fueron repartidas entre los Aliados. Despu\u00E9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial la armada de la Rep\u00FAblica Federal Alemana (RFA) se denomin\u00F3 Bundesmarine (\u00ABArmada federal\u00BB) y la armada de la Rep\u00FAblica Democr\u00E1tica Alemana (RDA) se denomin\u00F3 Volksmarine (\u00ABArmada Popular\u00BB). Hoy en d\u00EDa, la armada alemana se llama Deutsche Marine (\u00ABArmada alemana\u00BB)." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1,500,000 (total who served 1939\u201345)" . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (pengucapan bahasa Jerman: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], terj. har.\u2009\"War Navy\" \"Angkatan Laut Perang\") adalah angkatan laut Jerman Nazi dari tahun 1935 sampai 1945. Kriegsmarine menggantikan Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jerman dari Kekaisaran Jerman (1871\u20131918) dan Reichsmarine periode antar-perang (1919\u20131935) dari Republik Weimar. Kriegsmarine adalah salah satu dari tiga resmi, bersama dengan Heer (Angkatan Darat) dan Luftwaffe (Angkatan Udara) dari Wehrmacht, angkatan bersenjata Jerman dari 1933 hingga 1945. Melanggar Perjanjian Versailles, Kriegsmarine tumbuh dengan cepat selama persenjataan kembali Jerman pada 1930-an. Perjanjian 1919 telah membatasi ukuran angkatan laut Jerman sebelumnya, dan melarang pembangunan kapal selam.Kapal Kriegsmarine dikerahkan ke perairan di sekitar Spanyol selama Perang Saudara Spanyol (1936-1939) dengan kedok menegakkan non-intervensi, tetapi dalam kenyataannya mendukung sisi Nasionalis melawan Republik Spanyol. Pada bulan Januari 1939, Rencana Z diperintahkan, menyerukan keseimbangan angkatan laut dengan Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris pada tahun 1944. Ketika Perang Dunia II pecah pada bulan September 1939, Rencana Z dibatalkan karena mendukung program pembangunan kapal selam (U-boat) alih-alih kapal perang permukaan besar serta pemberian prioritas sumber daya strategis kepada pasukan darat dan udara. Panglima Kriegsmarine (seperti untuk semua cabang angkatan bersenjata selama periode kekuasaan Nazi) adalah \"F\u00FChrer\" Adolf Hitler, yang menjalankan wewenangnya melalui Oberkommando der Marine. Kapal Kriegsmarine yang paling signifikan adalah U-boat, sebagian besar yang dibangun setelah Rencana Z dibatalkan pada awal Perang Dunia II. Wolfpack dengan cepat mengumpulkan kelompok-kelompok kapal selam yang menyerang konvoi Inggris selama paruh pertama Pertempuran Atlantik tetapi taktik ini sebagian besar ditinggalkan pada Mei 1943 ketika kerugian U-boat meningkat. Seiring dengan U-boat, penyerbu kapal dagang permukaan (termasuk kapal penjelajah tambahan) digunakan untuk mengganggu pengiriman Sekutu di tahun-tahun awal perang, yang paling terkenal adalah kapal penjelajah berat dan dan kapal perang Bismarck. Namun, adopsi pengawalan konvoi, terutama di Atlantik, sangat mengurangi efektivitas penyerbu kapal dagang permukaan terhadap konvoi. Setelah Perang Dunia Kedua pada tahun 1945, kapal-kapal Kriegsmarine yang tersisa dibagi di antara kekuatan Sekutu dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk penyapu ranjau."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "y" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Oberkommando der Marine" . . . "Kriegsmarine (die Kriegsmarine, rodzaj \u017Ce\u0144ski; niem. t\u0142um. Kriegs \u2013 wojenna i Marine \u2013 marynarka) \u2013 marynarka wojenna III Rzeszy, cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 si\u0142 zbrojnych Niemiec istniej\u0105ca w latach 1935-1945 w ramach Wehrmachtu." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "810000"^^ . . . "\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF08\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u8A9E: Kriegsmarine(\u30AF\u30EA\u30FC\u30AF\u30B9\u30DE\u30EA\u30FC\u30CD)\uFF09\u306F\u30011935\u5E74\u304B\u30891945\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u30CA\u30C1\u30B9\u30FB\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u304C\u6709\u3057\u305F\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u56FD\u9632\u8ECD(Wehrmacht)\u306E\u6D77\u8ECD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "See list" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine war die offizielle Bezeichnung der Seestreitkr\u00E4fte der deutschen Wehrmacht, nachdem die Reichsmarine des Deutschen Reiches am 1. Juni 1935 demgem\u00E4\u00DF umbenannt worden war. Gleichzeitig wurde aus der bisherigen Marineleitung das Oberkommando der Marine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (\"krigsmarinen\") var ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 den tyska marinen \u00E5ren 1935-1945, en av Wehrmachts tre f\u00F6rsvarsgrenar."@sv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine /\u02C8k\u0280i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0280i\u02D0n\u0259/ (in tedesco: Marina da Guerra) era il nome della Marina militare tedesca durante la seconda guerra mondiale, erede della Kaiserliche Marine. Il trattato di Versailles aveva imposto rigorosi limiti alla marina tedesca e le aveva proibito la progettazione e realizzazione di sommergibili, portaerei, aerei navali e artiglieria costiera pesante; il dislocamento delle nuove navi non poteva superare le 10.000 tonnellate. Ma il 18 giugno del 1935 fu firmato il trattato navale anglo-tedesco che, pur limitando la forza della marina tedesca al 35% di quella inglese, permetteva alla Germania di avere sommergibili e altri tipi di navi che il trattato di Versailles le aveva proibito. Nel 1937 ebbe cos\u00EC inizio un ambizioso piano di costruzioni navali (piano Z) e al settembre del 1939 la marina tedesca contava 2 vecchie corazzate, 2 incrociatori da battaglia, 3 corazzate tascabili, 2 incrociatori pesanti, 6 incrociatori leggeri, 22 cacciatorpediniere, 20 torpediniere e 59 U-Boot. Nel corso del conflitto entrarono in servizio le corazzate Tirpitz e Bismarck, l'incrociatore pesante Prinz Eugen, le navi da battaglia veloci Scharnhorst e Gneisenau e altri 15 cacciatorpediniere." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine" . . . . . . "\uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0643\u0631\u064A\u063A\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0646\u0647"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (KM) (\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD, \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF 1935 - 1945, \u03B7 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD. \u0394\u03B9\u03B1\u03B4\u03AD\u03C7\u03C4\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \"\u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A1\u03AC\u03B9\u03C7\" (, \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF 1921 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF 1935) \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF \"\u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\" (, \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03BC\u03B7 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03B5\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u039D\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0391\u0384 \u03A0\u03B1\u03B3\u03BA\u03CC\u03C3\u03BC\u03B9\u03BF \u03A0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B5\u03BC\u03BF). \u0391\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B5 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BB\u03AC\u03B4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03C7\u03C4." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70(\uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: Kriegsmarine \uD06C\uB9AD\uC2A4\uB9C8\uB9AC\uB124[\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259][*])\uC740 1935\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1945\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC874\uC7AC\uD55C \uB098\uCE58 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uD574\uAD70 \uC774\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uC81C1\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uB2F9\uC2DC\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uC81C\uAD6D\uD574\uAD70\uACFC \uC804\uAC04\uAE30\uC758 \uB3C5\uC77C \uAD6D\uAC00\uD574\uAD70(Reichsmarine)\uB97C \uC774\uC5B4\uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uC721\uAD70 \uC870\uC9C1\uC778 \uB3C5\uC77C \uAD6D\uBC29\uAD70\uC758 \uC9C0\uD718\uB97C \uBC1B\uB294 3\uAC1C \uC911 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC740 \uBCA0\uB974\uC0AC\uC720 \uC870\uC57D\uC73C\uB85C \uACC4\uC18D \uD06C\uAE30 \uC81C\uD55C\uC744 \uBC1B\uC558\uC9C0\uB9CC, 1930\uB144\uB300 \uB3C5\uC77C \uC7AC\uAD70\uBE44 \uC120\uC5B8 \uC774\uD6C4 \uAE09\uC18D\uD558\uAC8C \uC99D\uAC00\uD588\uB2E4. 1939\uB144 1\uC6D4 \uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uD558\uBA74\uC11C \uB9CE\uC740 \uD574\uAD70 \uD568\uC815 \uAC74\uC124\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70 \uD568\uC120\uC740 \uC2A4\uD398\uC778 \uB0B4\uC804\uACFC \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uC911\uC5D0 \uD574\uC804\uC744 \uBC8C\uC600\uB2E4. \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC758 \uCD1D\uC0AC\uB839\uAD00\uC740 \uC544\uB3CC\uD504 \uD788\uD2C0\uB7EC(\uC808\uB300 \uBAA8\uB4E0 \uAE30\uAC04 \uB3D9\uC548 \uC9C0\uB0B8 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uB2D8)\uB85C, \uB3C5\uC77C \uD574\uAD70 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC0AC\uB839\uBD80(Oberkommando der Marine)\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD8C\uB825\uC744 \uD589\uC0AC\uD588\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804 \uC774\uD6C4, \uC804\uC7C1\uD574\uAD70\uC758 \uB0A8\uC740 \uD568\uC120\uC740 \uC5F0\uD569\uAD6D\uB4E4\uC774 \uBD84\uD560\uD558\uC5EC \uAC00\uC838\uAC14\uC73C\uBA70, \uC8FC\uB85C \uC18C\uD574\uB97C \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uB294 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC791\uC804\uC744 \uC704\uD574 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (marine de guerre) est le nom allemand de la marine de guerre allemande entre 1935 et 1945, sous le Troisi\u00E8me Reich. Elle \u00E9tait plac\u00E9e sous l'autorit\u00E9 du minist\u00E8re de la D\u00E9fense puis de la Guerre." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Kriegsmarine (o \"Marina de Guerra\") fou el nom de la marina alemanya entre 1935 i 1945, durant el r\u00E8gim del Tercer Reich, substituint la Reichsmarine. Els principals vaixells de guerra disponibles de la Kriegsmarine eren els submarins U-Boot, tres cuirassats de butxaca, dos cuirassats (Bismarck i Tirpitz), dos creuers (Scharnhorst i Gneisenau), tres creuers pesants, sis , i diversos tipus de vaixells petits com destructors, torpediners, minadors, dragamines, i . Dos antics cuirassats de la Primera Guerra Mundial eren usats principalment com a vaixells d'entrenament. La construcci\u00F3 d'un portaavions, el Graf Zeppelin, havia de comen\u00E7ar el 1936, per\u00F2 mai va acabar de completar-se. Tot i que estava planejat un major rearmament de la marina de guerra (), i inicialment comen\u00E7at, l'esclat de " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The Kriegsmarine (German pronunciation: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], lit.\u2009'\"War Navy\"') was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871\u20131918) and the inter-war Reichsmarine (1919\u20131935) of the Weimar Republic. The Kriegsmarine was one of three official branches, along with the Heer and the Luftwaffe of the Wehrmacht, the German armed forces from 1933 to 1945. Following the end of World War II in 1945, the Kriegsmarine's remaining ships were divided up among the Allied powers and were used for various purposes including minesweeping." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kriegsmarine (\u010Desky v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9 n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo) bylo ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED pojmenov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u011Bmeck\u00E9ho v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9ho n\u00E1mo\u0159nictva v letech 1935\u20131945. Jeho p\u0159edch\u016Fdcem bylo v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E9 n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo V\u00FDmarsk\u00E9 republiky (Reichsmarine), ideov\u011B v\u0161ak navazovalo sp\u00ED\u0161e na n\u00E1mo\u0159nictvo N\u011Bmeck\u00E9ho c\u00EDsa\u0159stv\u00ED (Kaiserliche Marine). Zpo\u010D\u00E1tku jeho budov\u00E1n\u00ED podl\u00E9halo omezen\u00EDm podle z roku 1935, v roce 1938 v\u0161ak na tato omezen\u00ED p\u0159estal b\u00FDt br\u00E1n z\u0159etel. Kriegsmarine hr\u00E1lo ve druh\u00E9 sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lce v\u00FDznamnou \u00FAlohu, zejm\u00E9na pokud \u0161lo o omezov\u00E1n\u00ED p\u0159epravn\u00EDch kapacit nep\u0159\u00E1telsk\u00FDch lo\u010Fstev." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u041A\u0440\u0456\u0491\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u041A\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435) (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Kriegsmarine \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442) \u2014 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443. 1 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1935 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Reichsmarine \u2014 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0443). \u041F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E-\u043C\u043E\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0443 \u0411\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Bundesmarine \u2014 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442), \u0430 \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0443 \u0424\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0441\u043C\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043D\u0435 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Volksmarine \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043B\u043E\u0442)."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u7D0D\u7CB9\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF08\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AKriegsmarine\uFF0C\u610F\u70BA\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF09\u662F\u63071935\u5E74\u81F31946\u5E74\u671F\u95F4\u7684\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u3002\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u7B2C\u4E00\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u7684\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u5E1D\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u548C\u9B4F\u739B\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\uFF0C\u70BA\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u570B\u9632\u8ECD\u4E2D\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u529B\u91CF\u3002\u6230\u722D\u6D77\u8ECD\u8D77\u6E90\u65BC\u4E00\u6230\u5F8C\u300A\u51E1\u723E\u8CFD\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u7684\u56B4\u683C\u9650\u5236\uFF0C\u7576\u6642\u660E\u6587\u898F\u5B9A\u5176\u5678\u4F4D\u7E3D\u6578\u548C\u7981\u6B62\u6F5B\u8247\u7684\u7814\u88FD\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5A01\u746A\u5171\u548C\u570B\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u4EBA\u54E1\u6697\u4E2D\u63A8\u52D5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u8207\u5916\u570B\u4F01\u696D\u5408\u4F5C\u7814\u7A76\u6D77\u8ECD\u79D1\u6280\u3002\u5176\u5F8C\u963F\u9053\u592B\u00B7\u5E0C\u7279\u52D2\u4E0A\u53F0\u5EE2\u9664\u300A\u51E1\u723E\u8CFD\u689D\u7D04\u300B\u548C\u7C3D\u8A02\u300A\u82F1\u5FB7\u6D77\u8ECD\u5354\u5B9A\u300B\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u958B\u59CB\u5927\u91CF\u5EFA\u9020\u65B0\u5F0F\u8239\u8266\u3002\u5728\u91CD\u5EFA\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u88E1\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u66FE\u7814\u88FD\u4E00\u500B\u7279\u6B8A\u7684\u8266\u7A2E\uFF1A\u88DD\u7532\u8266\u548C\u57F7\u884C\u5927\u578B\u9020\u8266\u8A08\u756B\uFF1AZ\u8A08\u756B\u3002\u539F\u672C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u9810\u8A081945\u5E74\u70BA\u958B\u6230\u6642\u9593\uFF0C\u8A08\u756B\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E00\u652F\u80FD\u8207\u982D\u865F\u5047\u60F3\u6575\uFF1A\u82F1\u570B\u7687\u5BB6\u6D77\u8ECD\u5339\u6575\u7684\u6C34\u9762\u8266\u968A\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5305\u62EC\u5EFA\u9020\u822A\u7A7A\u6BCD\u8266\u3002\u7136\u800C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6230\u57281939\u5E74\u7206\u767C\uFF0C\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u65B9\u9762\u90FD\u5C1A\u672A\u6E96\u5099\uFF0C\u4FBF\u4EE5\u4E00\u652F\u6709\u9650\u529B\u91CF\u7684\u6D77\u8ECD\u53BB\u653B\u64CA\u904B\u8F09\u82F1\u570B\u570B\u5167\u9700\u6C42\u7269\u8CC7\u7684\u5546\u8239\uFF0C\u4E26\u6D88\u6EC5\u56E0\u5206\u6563\u8B77\u822A\u800C\u8F03\u5F31\u7684\u82F1\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u8266\u968A\u3002 \u8D77\u521D\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u6230\u679C\u9817\u591A\uFF0C\u64CA\u6C89\u4E0D\u5C11\u540C\u76DF\u570B\u5546\u8239\uFF0C\u4F46\u56E0\u70BA\u5E0C\u7279\u52D2\u5C0D\u6C34\u9762\u8266\u968A\u59CB\u7D42\u5370\u8C61\u4E0D\u4F73\uFF0C\u8A8D\u70BA\u5176\u5EFA\u9020\u7DE9\u6162\u4E14\u6230\u679C\u5C0F\uFF1B\u800C\u6F5B\u8247\u90E8\u968A\u5EFA\u9020\u901F\u5EA6\u5FEB\uFF0C\u9084\u5728\u6CD5\u570B\u9677\u843D\u800C\u53D6\u5F97\u897F\u90E8\u6E2F\u53E3\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5C0D\u82F1\u570B\u767C\u52D5\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u7684\u6F5B\u8247\u6230\u4E2D\u53D6\u5F97\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u8C50\u78A9\u7684\u6230\u679C\u3002\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u96A8\u8457\u6230\u4E8B\u7684\u9032\u884C\uFF0C\u958B\u59CB\u5C07\u6230\u529B\u4E2D\u5FC3\u81EA\u6C34\u9762\u8266\u79FB\u5F80\u6F5B\u8247\u90E8\u968A\u7684\u300C\u5678\u4F4D\u6230\u300D\uFF0C\u800C\u524D\u8005\u9010\u6F38\u8F49\u70BA\u5B58\u5728\u8266\u968A\u7684\u529F\u80FD\u3002\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u7684\u6F5B\u8247\u6578\u91CF\u5728\u6230\u722D\u7206\u767C\u6642\u662F\u7576\u6642\u4E16\u754C\u6D77\u8ECD\u5217\u5F37\u4E2D\u6700\u5C11\u8005\uFF0C\u4F46\u56E0\u70BA\u6F5B\u8247\u7E3D\u53F8\u4EE4\u5361\u723E\u00B7\u9127\u5C3C\u8328\u4EE5\u72FC\u7FA4\u6230\u8853\u3001\u5148\u9032\u7684\u901A\u4FE1\u5236\u5EA6\u548C\u6230\u7565\u898F\u5283\u800C\u53D6\u5F97\u6240\u6709\u4EA4\u6230\u570B\u6F5B\u8247\u90E8\u968A\u88E1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6230\u7E3E\u3002\u5230\u4E861943\u5E74\u5FB7\u570B\u6F5B\u8247\u5728\u5927\u897F\u6D0B\u8D8A\u4F86\u8D8A\u529B\u4E0D\u5F9E\u5FC3\uFF0C\u76DF\u8ECD\u4E0D\u4F46\u7834\u89E3\u4E86\u5BC6\u78BC\u6A5F\u548C\u958B\u767C\u4E86\u591A\u7A2E\u5148\u9032\u53CD\u6F5B\u6B66\u5668\uFF0C\u5982\u66F4\u5148\u9032\u7684\u58F0\u5450\u3001\u96F7\u9054\u3001\u6DF1\u6C34\u70B8\u5F48\uFF0C\u9084\u6295\u5165\u4E86\u5927\u91CF\u8B77\u885B\u822A\u7A7A\u6BCD\u8266\u548C\u53CD\u6F5B\u6230\u9B25\u7FA4\u9032\u884C\u8B77\u822A\uFF1B\u540C\u5E745\u6708\u5FB7\u570B\u6F5B\u8247\u56E0\u70BA\u640D\u5931\u904E\u9AD8\u800C\u653E\u68C4\u4E86\u72FC\u7FA4\u6230\u8853\uFF0C\u6539\u4EE5\u55AE\u8266\u5DE1\u5F0B\u7684\u65B9\u5F0F\u7E7C\u7E8C\u4F5C\u6230\u3002\u6230\u722D\u672B\u671F\u5FB7\u570B\u6D77\u8ECD\u96D6\u7814\u88FD\u4E86\u5148\u9032\u7684\u901A\u6C23\u7BA1\u5F0F\u6F5B\u8247\uFF0C\u5982XXI\u7D1A\u6F5B\u8247\u548CXXIII\u7D1A\uFF0C\u4E26\u6295\u5165\u4F7F\u7528\u76F4\u5230\u6230\u722D\u7D50\u675F\uFF0C\u4F46\u4ECD\u7121\u6CD5\u626D\u8F49\u6230\u6557\u7684\u7D50\u679C\u3002" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "100px" . . . . . . "De Kriegsmarine was de Duitse naam voor de Duitse zeemacht van 1935 tot 1945. De marine heette sinds het einde van de Eerste Wereldoorlog Reichsmarine, de opvolger van de in 1898 door Alfred von Tirpitz opgerichte Kaiserliche Marine. Hij bleef opperbevelhebber tot 1918. Tussen 1918 en 1933 werd de Reichsmarine ontbonden en van praktisch al haar grotere oorlogsschepen ontdaan. De Reichsmarine mocht tijdens deze periode alleen een kustwacht-functie vervullen. Weliswaar behield Duitsland enkele slagschepen van voor het Dreadnought-tijdperk, enkele monitors en een klein aantal torpedojagers, waarmee het maar net deze functie kon vervullen. U-boten en aanverwante schepen werden zonder meer verboden. Ook mocht de marine niet meer dan 100.000 man tellen. Toen Adolf Hitler in 1933 aan de macht kwam werd de Kriegsmarine weer opgebouwd en werd admiraal Erich Raeder de nieuwe opperbevelhebber. Na diens ontslag, begin 1943, werd Karl D\u00F6nitz bevelhebber. De Kriegsmarine was tijdens deze periodes een van de onderdelen van de Wehrmacht. In die periode groeide de marine weer uit tot een geduchte zeemacht." . . . . . . . . . . "17386"^^ . "The Kriegsmarine (German pronunciation: [\u02C8k\u0281i\u02D0ksma\u02CC\u0281i\u02D0n\u0259], lit.\u2009'\"War Navy\"') was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871\u20131918) and the inter-war Reichsmarine (1919\u20131935) of the Weimar Republic. The Kriegsmarine was one of three official branches, along with the Heer and the Luftwaffe of the Wehrmacht, the German armed forces from 1933 to 1945. In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the Kriegsmarine grew rapidly during German naval rearmament in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy and prohibited the building of submarines. Kriegsmarine ships were deployed to the waters around Spain during the Spanish Civil War (1936\u20131939) under the guise of enforcing non-intervention, but in reality supported the Nationalists against the Spanish Republicans. In January 1939, Plan Z was ordered, calling for surface naval parity with the British Royal Navy by 1944. When World War II broke out in September 1939, Plan Z was shelved in favour of a crash building program for submarines (U-boats) instead of capital surface warships and land and air forces were given priority of strategic resources. The Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine (as for all branches of armed forces during the period of absolute Nazi power) was Adolf Hitler, who exercised his authority through the Oberkommando der Marine. The Kriegsmarine's most significant ships were the U-boats, most of which were constructed after Plan Z was abandoned at the beginning of World War II. Wolfpacks were rapidly assembled groups of submarines which attacked British convoys during the first half of the Battle of the Atlantic but this tactic was largely abandoned by May 1943 when U-boat losses mounted. Along with the U-boats, surface commerce raiders (including auxiliary cruisers) were used to disrupt Allied shipping in the early years of the war, the most famous of these being the heavy cruisers Admiral Graf Spee and Admiral Scheer and the battleship Bismarck. However, the adoption of convoy escorts, especially in the Atlantic, greatly reduced the effectiveness of surface commerce raiders against convoys. Following the end of World War II in 1945, the Kriegsmarine's remaining ships were divided up among the Allied powers and were used for various purposes including minesweeping." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Land flag" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .